Ghadeer e Khum and Mawla Ali A.S
﷽
Verily all praise is for Allah, we praise Him and seek His aid and ask for His forgiveness and we seek refuge with Allah from the evils of ourselves and our evil actions. Whomever Allah guides there is none who can misguide him, and whomever Allah misguides there is none who can guide him, and I bear witness that none has the right to be worshiped except Allah alone, having no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger
(this is how Prophet SAW used to start his speech Nisai 3278)
My Lord, open up my heart [with assurance] And ease for me my task And untie the knot from my tongue That they may understand my speech. Ameen
This topic is a difficult one and I will try to explain it only in the light of Quran and Hadith. Why is there a need for this topic? Firstly the judgement of Jannah and Jahannum is not based on this, it is only for the sake of knowledge and so that one cannot lead you astray by saying false things regarding this issue.
Our people should know, that these things are mentioned in the book of Ahadith and that Shiaa people, what they say is not ENTIRELY false, but the result drawn from this ..... I will leave it up to you to decide what you think after reading all these Ahadith from the mainstream books of Ahle Sunnah and in the end I will also add some references of Nahjul Balagah (it is an authentic book for Shiaa) about the three righteous caliphs.
So Ghadeer e Khum, The Prophet Muhammad PBUH on returning from Hajj tul Wida addressed the people at the well in a village called Khum (two months prior to his death). This Hadith is in various book of hadith. So first I will narrate it's version from Sahih Muslim 6225 or 2408
It's a long Hadith I will cut it short (if you want to read the full narration just click on the hadith number at the end of hadith)
Zaid bin Arqam R.A said:One day Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) stood up to deliver sermon at a watering place known as Khumm situated between Mecca and Medina. He praised Allah, extolled Him and delivered the sermon and. exhorted (us) and said: Now to our purpose.O people, I am a human being. I am about to receive a messenger (the angel of death) from my Lord and I, in response to Allah's call, (would bid good-bye to you),but I am leaving among you TWO weighty things:1) the one being the Book of Allah in which there is right guidance and light, so hold fast to the Book of Allah and adhere to it. He exhorted (us) (to hold fast) to the Book of Allah[one of which is the Book of Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, and that is the rope of Allah. He who holds it fast would be on right guidance and he who abandons it would be in error, (this is from Sahih Muslim 2408d)]2) and then said: The second are the members of my household I remind you (of your duties) to the members of my family [Ahle Bait] [and repeated it three times not mentioned in English version but if you look at the Arabic it is there].He (Husain bin Sabra) said to Zaid: Who are the members of his household? Aren't his wives the members of his family?Thereupon he said: His wives are the members of his family (but here) the members of his family are those for whom acceptance of Zakat is forbidden.And he said: Who are they?Thereupon he said: 'Ali and the offspring of 'Ali, 'Aqil and the offspring of 'Aqil and the offspring of Ja'far and the offspring of 'Abbas.Husain said: These are those for whom the acceptance of Zakat is forbidden. Zaid said: Yes.
In a narration from Jami Tirmizi
Narrated Abu Sarihah, or Zaid bin Arqam R.A from the Prophet (ﷺ):مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلاَهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلاَهُ"For whomever I am his Mawla (guardian) then 'Ali is his Mawla (guardian)."[Jami Tirmizi 3713] Sahih and in [Mishkat ul Masabih 6091] (you can also check these hadith on islam 360)
I will translate this word Mawla after all the ahadith.
Narrated Zaid bin Arqam R.A from the Prophet (ﷺ):I am leaving among you TWO things: 1) the Book of Allah 2) the members of my household (Ahle Bait) and they will not be seperated from one another until they will come to me on the Huaz e Kausar.
There are many more hadith which includes these words.
مَنْ كُنْتُ مَوْلاَهُ فَعَلِيٌّ مَوْلاَهُ
Narrated Abdur Rehman bin Abi Layla:I was with Ali bin Abi Talib R.A in Rahba and he said: "I ask every person for the sake of Allah, who were present on the day of Ghadeer Khum and heard Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say [wordings that are found in urdu translation in the provided link at this place are not in the arabic version of this narration, but it is in another narration],he should stand up, after hearing this 12 people stood up and said:"We saw the Messenger of Allah and heard him saying whilst holding his (Ali bin Abi Talib R.A) hand"Ya Allah whoever is a friend (Mawla) of Ali make him a friend (Mawla) of yourself, whoever hates him You also hate him, whoever helps him You also help him and whoever abandons him You also abandon him." only three people didn't stood up and Ali gave them bad dua and that dua came in affect ....[Musnad Ahmad 12307] Sahih (I prefer to read it on Islam360)
In another narration when Mawla Ali A.S asked the people have you heard Messenger of Allah saying, 12 Badari Sahaba stood up and said: "We heard Messenger of Allah recited:Ain't "The Prophet is more worthy of the believers than themselves, and his wives are [in the position of] their mothers."? (Surah Ahzab Verse 6)Every one said: "Indeed Messenger of Allah, it is as you said" and then Messenger of Allah held Ali's hand in his own hand and said"Ya Allah whoever is (Mawla) of Ali make him a (Mawla) of yourself, whoever hates him You also hate him, whoever helps him You also help him and whoever abandons him You also abandon him."
It was narrated that Sa`d bin Waqqas said:"Mu`awiyah came on one of his pilgrimages and Sa`d entered upon him.They mentioned `Ali, and Mu`awiyah criticized him.Sa`d became angry and said: 'Are you saying this of a man of whom I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: "If I am a person's close friend (Mawla), `Ali is also his close friend (Mawla)."And I heard him say: "You are to me like Harun was to Musa, except that there will be no Prophet after me."And I heard him say: "I will give the banner today to a man who loves Allah and His Messenger." [this was said at Khaybar].[Sunan Ibn Majah 121] Sahih
From these Ahadith, It is clear that the Prophet S.A.W gave the title of "Mawla" to Ali A.S and from the above Ahadith we can tell that it means heartfelt beloved / guardian (while he was alive) as Prophet also recited surah Ahzab's verse 6. Now if some people due to this call on to Mawla Ali A.S for help, this act is in violation of the Surah Fatiha verse 4 (similarly is the case if someone calls Abdul Qadir Jilani for help both of these thing are the same, anyways)
إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ ﴿٥﴾You alone do we worship, and You alone do we turn for help.[Surah Fatiha 1:4]
So, if someone think these Ahadith means
1) that we should start calling Mawla Ali A.S for help, let me ask you a question would Prophet S.A.W give any command which is against the teachings of Quran??
Allah says:
أَمَّن يُجِيبُ الْمُضْطَرَّ إِذَا دَعَاهُ وَيَكْشِفُ السُّوءَ وَيَجْعَلُكُمْ خُلَفَاءَ الْأَرْضِ ۗ أَإِلَٰهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ ۚ قَلِيلًا مَّا تَذَكَّرُونَ ﴿٦٢﴾Who is it Who heeds the prayers of the distressed when he calls out to Him and Who removes his affliction? And who is it Who makes you Khalifa of the earth? Is there any god associated with Allah (in this task)? How little do you reflect! [Surah An Naml 27:62]
and
وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّن يَدْعُو مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَن لَّا يَسْتَجِيبُ لَهُ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ وَهُمْ عَن دُعَائِهِمْ غَافِلُونَ ﴿٥﴾ وَإِذَا حُشِرَ النَّاسُ كَانُوا لَهُمْ أَعْدَاءً وَكَانُوا بِعِبَادَتِهِمْ كَافِرِينَ ﴿٦﴾Who is farther strayed from the Right Path than he who calls upon others than Allah that cannot answer his call till the Day of Resurrection, the while they are not even conscious that callers are calling upon them? (5) When all human beings will be gathered together those who had been called upon will become the enemies to their votaries and will disown their worship. (6) [Surah Ahqaf 46:5-6]
and you can't even call a Prophet for help Allah gave an example of Isa A.S
مَّا الْمَسِيحُ ابْنُ مَرْيَمَ إِلَّا رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ وَأُمُّهُ صِدِّيقَةٌ ۖ كَانَا يَأْكُلَانِ الطَّعَامَ ۗ انظُرْ كَيْفَ نُبَيِّنُ لَهُمُ الْآيَاتِ ثُمَّ انظُرْ أَنَّىٰ يُؤْفَكُونَ ﴿٧٥﴾ قُلْ أَتَعْبُدُونَ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ مَا لَا يَمْلِكُ لَكُمْ ضَرًّا وَلَا نَفْعًا ۚ وَاللَّهُ هُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ ﴿٧٦﴾The Messiah, son of Marium is but an apostle; apostles before him have indeed passed away; and his mother was a truthful woman; they both used to eat food. See how We make the communications clear to them, then behold, how they are turned away.[75] Say: Do you serve besides Allah that which does not control for you any harm, or any profit? And Allah-- He is the Hearing, the Knowing. [76] [Surah Maida 5:75-76]
and lastly Mawla Ali A.S R.A in Nahjul Balagah in his Maktoob said toh Imam Hasan A.S that call only Allah in dua, he didn't say to call my name.
Nahjul Balagh Jaffar Hussain version Letter number 31
with that said
2) the second thing which is claimed from these Ahadith is that Mawla Ali A.S was assigned Khalifa by the Prophet that is a far fetched idea why is that? because I will share a couple of Hadith of Mawla Ali himself saying otherwise. We agree that Mawla Ali A.S being the Ahle Bait of Prophet have a great status even among the companions of the Prophet that is without a doubt.
Narrated Abdullah bin Abbas R.A from the Prophet (ﷺ):....... If a person used to pray between the Rukan and Muqam e Ibrahim and he used to fast a lot but when he dies if he has hatred for the members of my household (Ahle Bait), he will go to HELL.
Narrated Abu Huraira R.A that the Prophet (ﷺ) said while looking at Ali, Fatima, Hassan and Hussain R.A A.S that I am the enemy of your enemy and I am the friend of your friend.
then someone might say that why didn't Mawla Ali A.S became the first caliph and why did Abu Bakr Siddique R.A A.S became the first caliph? First thing first the Prophet left no one as his successor, his successor was Quran. There are several Hadith which points (not clearly states) that the Abu Bakr R.A A.S should have been the first Khalifa and at the same time there are Hadith which points that the Ali R.A A.S should have been the first Khalifa...
It was how it was written in destiny by Allah and Muslims choose Abu Bakr Siddique R.A as their first Khalifa. So, the way Abu Bakr Siddique R.A was appointed the Khalifa was an emergency situation. When the Prophet S.A.W passed away the Ansar held a meeting in Sakifa Bin Saida and were discussing to make Saad bin Obada R.A the Khalifa, this news came to Omar R.A and he took Abu Bakr and Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah R.A with him and there after a very long discussion they all choose Abu Bakr R.A that is explained very well in this hadith it's a very long hadith I will only share the number of that hadith Bukhari 6830 Bukhari 3668
Now according to the below hadith even Mawla Ali A.S didn't knew that he was chosen as the first caliph and this incident is after Ghadeer e Khum
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Abbas R.A:
`Ali bin Abu Talib came out of the house of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) during his fatal illness. The people asked, "O Abu Hasan (i.e. `Ali)! How is the health of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) this morning?"
`Ali replied, "He has recovered with the Grace of Allah."
`Abbas bin `Abdul Muttalib held him by the hand and said to him, "In three days you, by Allah, will be ruled (by somebody else ), And by Allah, I feel that Allah's Apostle will die from this ailment of his, for I know how the faces of the offspring of `Abdul Muttalib look at the time of their death. So let us go to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) and ask him who will take over the Caliphate. If it is given to us we will know as to it, and if it is given to somebody else, we will inform him so that he may tell the new ruler to take care of us."
`Ali said, "By Allah, if we asked Allah's Apostle for it (i.e. the Caliphate) and he denied it us, the people will never give it to us after that. And by Allah, I will not ask Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) for it." [Bukhari 4447]
Even Mawla Ali A.S didn't know that he was elected as Khalifa as some people say and this is after the Ghadeer e Khum. Let's see what Umm ul momineen Aisha R.A said about this (but some people won't take it as an evidence but either way)
Narrated Al-Aswad:
It was mentioned in the presence of `Aisha that the Prophet (ﷺ) had appointed `Ali as successor by will. Thereupon she said, "Who said so? I saw the Prophet, while I was supporting him against my chest. He asked for a tray, and then fell on one side and expired, and I did not feel it. So how (do the people say) he appointed `Ali as his successor?"
Some one asked Umm ul Momeneen Aisha R.A that if Prophet was to appoint someone as Khalifa who would it be in her expert opinion,
Ibn Abu Mulaika reported:
I heard `A'isha as saying and she was asked as to whom Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) would have nominated as his successor if he had to nominate one at all.She said: Abu Bakr.It was said to her: Then whom after Abu Bakr?She said: `Umar.It was said to her. Then whom after `Umar?She said: Abu `Ubaida b. al-Jarrah, and then she kept quiet at this.
Now this is the truth that after Abu Bakr R.A was appointed Khalifa, Mawla Ali A.S didn't accepted or took the oath of allegiance of Abu Bakr R.A for 6 months but after the death of Fatima tu Zahra A.S R.A he called the Khalifa to his home, can you imagine a person calling the Khalifa tul Muslimeen to his home to come and meet him. This shows that what was the status of Ahle Bait among the companions of Prophet and you can see that Abu Bakr R.A came and then Mawla Ali A.S said that this Caliphate that Allah has bestowed upon you by Allah we are not jealous of you but being an Ahle Bait we should have been consulted regarding the matter of Caliphate and upon this Abu Bakr R.A started crying and in the end Mawla Ali A.S said that all is well, I will openly take the oath of allegiance in Masjid un Nabwi ... It is a very long Bukhari 4240-41
This has gone long enough, one last hadith the comments of Mawla Ali A.S on the three caliphs
Narrated Muhammad bin Al-Hanafiya:
I asked my father (`Ali bin Abi Talib), "Who are the best people after Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) ?"He said, "Abu Bakr."I asked, "Who then?"He said, "Then `Umar. "I was afraid he would say "Uthman, so I said, "Then you?"He said, "I am only an ordinary person.
One thing to keep in mind that it is not our belief that all the companions of Prophet S.A.W are masoom. There are some Sahaba who made some grave mistakes and those mistakes are prophesied by the Prophet S.A.W and are reported in our mainstream book of Ahadith but based on those mistakes we are not allowed to curse any of the companion of the Prophet, the respect of that companion as a Sahabi will still be there and their name will be taken with respect. We can only point those mistakes as they are the part of what the Prophet told.
The Prophet S.A.W said that the righteous caliphate would be 30 years in total. Safinah R.A is the slave of Prophet who served him in his last age.
Narrated Safinah:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: The Caliphate of Prophecy will last thirty years; then Allah will give the Kingdom of His Kingdom to anyone He wills.
Sa'id told that Safinah said to him: Calculate Abu Bakr's caliphate as two years, 'Umar's as ten, 'Uthman's as twelve and 'Ali so and so. Sa'id said: I said to Safinah: They (Al e Marwan) conceive that 'Ali was not a caliph. He replied: The buttocks of Marwan told a lie. [Sunan Abi Dawud 4646]
Sa'eed bin Jumhan narrated:"Safinah narrated to me,he said: 'The Messenger of Allah(s.a.w) said: "Al-Khilafah will be in my Ummah for thirty years, then there will be monarchy after that."'Then Safinah said to me: 'Count the Khilafah of Abu Bakr,' then he said: 'Count the Khilafah of 'Umar and the Khilafah of 'Uthman.' Then he said to me: 'Count the Khilafah of 'Ali."'He said: "So we found that they add up to thirty years."Sa'eed said: "I said to him: 'Banu Umaiyyah claim that the Khilafah is among them.'He said: 'Banu Az-Zarqa' lie, rather they are a monarchy, among the worst of monarchies."'
Now some people might say that Mawla Ali A.S didn't accept these three khalifas..
So, let's see I will only point out the book and the khutbah/sermon number you can read it yourself.
From Nahjul Balagah translation of Jaffar Hussain
If Mawla Ali A.S was against these three caliphs and these three caliphs were against him Naozobillah then why did Omar R.A consulted with Mawla Ali A.S on two occasions one is Qadsiyah (Battle against Persia) and the other one Yarmouk (Battle against Roman Empire)
For Battle of Qadsiyah
Nahjul Balagh Jaffar Hussain version khutbah number 144 pg 384, in english version it is sermon number 145 pg 534
For Battle of Yarmouk
Nahjul Balagh Jaffar Hussain version khutbah number 132 pg 368, in english version it is sermon number 133 pg 521
Then the reply of Mawla Ali A.S to Abu Sufyan R.A when Abu Bakr R.A became the caliph and Abu Sufyan R.A said to Mawla Ali A.S that we will launch a coup against him and in favour of you....
Nahjul Balagh Jaffar Hussain version khutbah number 5 pg 107, in english version it is sermon number 5 pg 333
Then a letter of Mawla Ali A.S R.A to Ameer Muawiya bin Abu Sufyan R.A to accept him as caliph, as he has been selected the same way as the three righteous Caliph before him. If he didn't accept the three caliphs then why is he referring...
Nahjul Balagh Jaffar Hussain version letter number 6 pg 643, in english version it is letter number 6,7 pg 713
and last one, the good remarks of Mawla Ali A.S on the Shahada of Omar R.A .(in this khutbah the writer has not added the same foot note as was added by Al Sharif Al Radi who originally compiled all the sermons of Ali R.A this Nahjul Balagah and in the foot note wrote Omar R.A)
Nahjul Balagh Jaffar Hussain version khutbah number 225 pg 617 , in english version it is sermon number 226 pg 692
These same remarks of Mawla Ali A.S R.A regarding Omar A.S R.A on his death can be found in Bukhari 3677 and Muslim 2389 or 6187.
Lastly, Shia brothers say that 12 imams are divine and they are guided and are under supervision of Allah. Mawla Ali A.S gave a khutbah on the death of Prophet S.A.W in which he said that the gates of sky, revelation and news has been stopped which had not been stopped before death of any Prophet and matam is also banned in this Khutbah
Nahjul Balagh Jaffar Hussain version khutbah number 232, in english version it is sermon number 233
In the end I will just say
Zirr reported:
'Ali observed: By Him Who split up the seed and created something living,the Messenger of Allah (may peace and blessings be upon him) gave me a promise that no one but a believer would love me, and none but a hypocrite would nurse grudge against me. [Sahih Muslim 240 or 78]
In Fazail e Sahaba by Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal it is narrated that
Abu Suwaar reported:
'Ali R.A said : Some people will go to hell due to their extreme love towards meand some will go to hell due to thier hatred towards me [Fazail e Sahaba 952] SahihAbu Maryam heard:
'Ali R.A said : Two types of people related to me will go astray,the one who shows extreme love towards me and the one who shows extreme hatred toward me [Fazail e Sahaba 964] Sahih
Don't follow anyone, listen to everyone then read what is in Quran and Sunnah.
O Allah! Enable us to see the Truth as Truth and give us the ability to follow it. And show us the falsehood as false and give us the ability to refrain from it. Ameen
Comments
Post a Comment